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- - Antalya Shopping Tour - - Aquapark Dolpinland - - Demre Myra Tour - - Fisching Tour - - Jeep Safari - - Kemer Boat Tour - - Pamukkale 1 Day Tour - - Rafting - - Scuba Diving - - Turkish Bad - - Turkish Night
A country of sun and history, Turkey is located where the three continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other and straddle the point where Europe and Asia meet.
Because of its geographical location, the mainland, Anatolia, has witnessed the mass migration of diverse peoples shaping the course of history. The home to countless civilisations, Anatolia has developed a unique synthesis of cultures, each with its own distinct identity, yet each linked to its predecessors through insoluble treads.
Turkey straddles the borders of Europe and Asia with the majority of the country in Southwest Asia. It has a total area of 780,580 sq.km. that lies within Europe. The country is bordered hertz european auto rental at the east by Georgia, Armenia and Iran with Iraq, Syria and the Mediterranean Sea on the south. The Aegean hertz european auto rental Sea, Greece and Bulgaria are to the west, and the Black Sea forms the northern border. Turkey hertz european auto rental s geographical coordinates are 36 o  00 to 42 o  00 north latitude and 26 o 00 to 45 o  00 east longitude.
Turkey, which has 80 administrative provinces, is divided into seven geographical regions; the Black Sea region, the Marmara hertz european auto rental region, the Aegean region, the Mediterranean hertz european auto rental region, Central Anatolia, the East and Southeast Anatolia regions.
Turkey is surrounded by sea on three sides, by Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south and the Aegean Sea in the west. In the northwest, there is an internal sea, the Sea of Marmara, between the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, which are important waterways that connect the Black Sea with the rest of the world. The coastline of Turkey (excluding islands) hertz european auto rental is 8333 km.
Most of the rivers of Turkey flow into the seas surrounding the country. The Fýrat (Euphrates) and Dicle (Tigris) join together in Iraq and flow into the Persian Gulf. Turkey s largest rivers, the Kýzýlýrmak, Yeþilýrmak and Sakarya, flow into the Black Sea. The Susurluk, Biga and Gönen pour into the Sea of Marmara, the Gediz, Küçük Menderes, Büyük Menderes, and Meriç into the Aegean hertz european auto rental and the Seyhan, Ceyhan hertz european auto rental and Göksu into the Mediterranean.
hertz european auto rental In the Marmara region the most important peak is the Uludað hertz european auto rental (2543 m) at the same time it is a major winter sports and tourist centre. In the Aegean region, the mountains fall perpendicularly to the sea. In the Mediterranean region, located in the south of Turkey, the western and central Tarsus Mountains suddenly rise up behind hertz european auto rental the coastline. The Central Anatolia hertz european auto rental Region is exactly in the middle of Turkey and gives the appearance of being less mountainous compared with other regions. The main peaks of the region are Karadað, Karacadað, Hasandað, and Erciyes hertz european auto rental (3917 m). The Eastern Anatolia region is Turkey s largest and highest region. About three-fourths is at an altitude of 1500 2000 metres. There are numerous inactive volcanoes in the region, including Nemrut, Suphan, Tendurek and Turkey s highest peak where Noah s Ark was landed, Mount Aðrý (Ararat) is 5165 metres high.
In terms of numbers of lakes, the Eastern Anatolia region is the richest. It contains Turkey s largest, Lake Van (3713 sq.km.). There are also many lakes in west Tourus Mountains area; the Beyþehir and Eðridir lakes. Important lakes are; the second largest lake in Turkey, Tuzgölü, hertz european auto rental Burdur, Sapanca, Iznik, Ulubat, Manyas (bird sanctuary), Akþehir, and Eber. As a result of the construction of dams during the past thirty years, several large dam lakes have come into existence in the Eastern Anatolia such as, Keban, Karakaya, and Atatürk.
Although Turkey is situated in a geographical location where climatic conditions are quite temperate, the diverse nature of the landscape, and the existence in particular of the mountains that run parallel to the coasts, result in significant differences in climatic conditions from one region to the other. While the coastal regions enjoy milder climates, the inland Anatolia plateau experiences hot summers and cold winters with limited hertz european auto rental rainfall.
The Turkish language hertz european auto rental is spread over a large geographical are in Europe and Asia; it is spoken in the Azeri, the Turkmen, the Tartar, the Uzbek, the Baskurti; the Hogay, the Kyrgyz, the Kazakh, the Yakuti, the Guvas, and other dialects. The Turkish spoken in Turkey represents that of the Turkish language group coming from the southwest branch of the Uralic-Altayic language family. The oldest written records hertz european auto rental of Turkish are found upon stone monuments in Central Asia, in the Orhun, Yenisey and Talas regions within the boundaries hertz european auto rental of present day Mongolia, and belong to the years 725, 732 and 735 A.D. After the formation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 and following the achievement of national unity, Latin alphabet using Turkish phonetics was adopted in 1928.
As the climate and topography vary greatly in Turkey, so does the flora and fauna. The Black Sea region is renowned for its forests of leaf bearing and coniferous trees and for the apples, pears, cherries which is originated from Turkey, hazelnuts, mandarin oranges, tobacco and tea that are grown there. Along the eastern Mediterranean shores the local vegetation hertz european auto rental is tropical, hertz european auto rental with flourishing banana, palm and citrus trees and sugar cane and cotton. From the western Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara coasts: olive, citrus and pine trees along the mountains are found. On the steppes of Central Anatolia: natural pastures with scattered-forested areas. In Europe, there are 11,500 kind of flora with flowers. In Turkey, this number is 9,000 but 3,000 of this flora only grow in Turkey.
Turkey is the habitat of the same animals that can be found in the European countries, plus many from Asia and Africa. There are 60,000 animal species in the whole continent of Europe. Turkey has 80,000. Turkey hertz european auto rental is home to birds of many kinds, especially in the Birds Paradises the national park on Lake Manyas, Sultan Sazlýðý near Kayseri, in Izmir Çamaltý Tuzlasý etc.
On the general basis, the population in Turkey is characterised by youth and dynamism. According to a 1997 population census, Turkey has 62.6 million inhabitants. Although there has been a marked migration into town, approximately 47 percent of the population still lives in the rural areas. Although the official language is Turkish, hertz european auto rental English is widely spoken in Turkey. There are many high schools and universities where the curriculum is based on English, hertz european auto rental German and French are other commonly spoken foreign languages. Istanbul, which was the capital of three empires, is Turkey s largest hertz european auto rental city, with approximately hertz european auto rental 9.1 million inhabitants. hertz european auto rental Ankara, the capital city, has 3.69 million in habitants. The next largest cities are Izmir, Konya and Adana.
According to the historical records of China, the earliest known Turks lived in Dzungaria, to the north of East Turkestan in 2000 B.C. During the 1500 s B.C., the Turks scattered, becoming nomads and warrior tribes and settling in the regions of Altai and the Tien Shan Mountains. Political military hertz european auto rental and climatic changes, in this region hertz european auto rental from the 2 nd  century onwards, caused the nomadic tribes to establish settled civilisations along the edges of the steppes. The Huns settled in the Central hertz european auto rental Asia and Europe; the Akhuns in Afghanistan and north India; the Oghuz in Iran and Anatolia; the Bulgars in the Balkans and on the banks of the Volga; the Sabars in the Caucasia; the Pecheneks, Kipchaks and Uzs in Eastern Europe and the Balkans; and the Uigurs in inner Asia. Thus, between the 2 nd  century B.C. and the 20 th  century A.D. the original Turkish tribes scattered themselves over an area of 18 million square kilometres, and founded several states and empires.
hertz european auto rental Meanwhile Anatolia, where eastern and western civilisations meet, nourished the most ancient civilisations hertz european auto rental of the world, the Hattis were the oldest known people of Anatolia; they attained a high level of civilisation in 2500 B.C. The Hittite, who entered Anatolia via the Caucasus mountains, integrated hertz european auto rental with the Hattis and established the first social and political organisation in Anatolia. hertz european auto rental The Hurrians, Luwians, Urartians, Phyrigians, Lydians, Carians, Lycians, Ionians, and Byzantines all established great civilisations here. Eventually, Anatolia s final owners, the Turks, created three great states on this soil.
It was the Seljuks of Oghuz Turks who opened the doors of Anatolia for the Turks. They established a powerful empire in western Asia in 990 A.D. In 1071 the Seljuk Emperor Alparslan reached the frontiers of Anatolia and defeated the Byzantine emperor, Romanus IV Diogenes at Malazgirt in Eastern Anatolia.
The Anatolian Seljuk hertz european auto rental State was based at Konya and owned a flowering civilisation, but it was short-lived because of the attacks of the Mongols who defeated it fatally at the Battle of Erzincan in 1243. After this defeat, Anatolia broke up into several principalities. One of these, the Ottoman Turks, eventually reunited the other principalities previously hertz european auto rental under Seljuk domination and re-established the unity of Anatolia.
Thus, they founded one of the largest and longest-lived empires of history and created a great civilisation and culture which reached its apogee in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries under a succession of brilliant rulers, including Mehmet II, the Conqueror of Istanbul; Süleyman I, known in Europe hertz european auto rental as the Magnificent ; and Murad IV, Conqueror of Baghdad and Yerevan. These sultans wer